Congestion charges should be considered in Cork and Dublin, according to a new report.
The paper, which was published by Environment Minister Eamon Ryan, noted the measure would reduce greenhouse gas emissions but would "face significant public and political opposition".
Environmental journalist John Gibbons says congestion is costing Dublin over €1m per day.
"Dublin is the sixth most congested city in Europe.
"Not only that, there was a study in 2017 that showed that congestion is costing the city over €1m a day, the Department of Transport study found that that cost is set to rise to €2bn by 2033.
"So the question is - can you afford to simply pile more and more vehicles into the cities?"
